An Automatic Tool Changer (ATC) is one of the most powerful upgrades you can add to a CNC machine. It increases efficiency, repeatability, and automation — but it also introduces additional mechanical, electrical, and pneumatic requirements.
This guide walks you through what an ATC system includes, what you must provide, and how to plan properly before installation.
If you prepare correctly, installation is straightforward. If you skip planning, ATC systems can become frustrating very quickly.
What Is an ATC System?
A PwnCNC ATC System includes:
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An ATC-compatible spindle with air-actuated drawbar
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A matched Delixi EM61 VFD
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Pneumatics Enclosure (PE) with solenoids and air control electronics
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Pre-terminated spindle power and signal cables
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ISO20 tool holders
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ER20 collets
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Flush-style tool holder racks
ATC = spindle + VFD + pneumatic system working together.
Unlike a manual spindle, an ATC requires 90-95psi of compressed air to release and clamp tools.
What Makes ATC Different from a Standard Spindle?
A standard spindle only requires:
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Power
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Control signal
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Proper grounding
An ATC spindle additionally requires:
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Clean, dry compressed air
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Solenoid control through the PE enclosure
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Tool holders and racks
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Proper tool height management
Because of this, planning is critical.
Required Components Beyond the ATC Bundle
1. Compressed Air System
This is not optional.
Minimum requirements:
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Air compressor capable of 90 PSI
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Tanked system or stable continuous system
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Inline air dryer or moisture removal
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Regulator set to ~90 PSI at spindle input
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Properly sized tubing (typically 8mm OD)
Moisture in airline systems can permanently damage an ATC spindle. Even in climate-controlled shops, condensation can occur.
We strongly recommend using at least a moisture separator. In humid environments, use a desiccant or refrigerated dryer.
The compressor only runs during tool changes unless using air blast.
2. Tooling & Tool Management
ATC systems require planning around tooling.
For each tool position you want available:
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1 ISO20 tool holder
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1 ER20 collet
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1 tool rack position
Most users plan for 6–8 tool positions minimum.
You will also want:
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XYZ touch probe or tool setter (highly recommended for automation)
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Spare collets for different bit sizes
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Extra tool holders for pre-loaded tooling
Poor rack planning causes most early ATC frustrations.
3. Power Requirements
ATC systems require dedicated power.
Typical setups:
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220V L6-20R for 2.2kW ATC systems
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110V L5-20R for 1.5kW ATC systems
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Separate circuit for CNC machine electronics
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Separate circuit for dust collection
Dedicated circuits improve reliability and reduce nuisance faults.
Environmental Considerations
Ideal environment:
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Clean
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Climate controlled
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Low humidity
If operating in garages or variable climates:
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Use proper air drying
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Drain compressor tank regularly
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Protect tool holders from corrosion
Planning Before Installation
Before beginning installation, confirm:
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You have sufficient air supply
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You have enough tool holders and rack positions
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Your controller supports ATC logic
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Your workspace has space for rack placement
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Your dust boot does not interfere with rack pickup
Proper planning prevents mechanical collisions and wasted time.
One-Order Strategy
We offer nearly all ATC-related components except:
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Air compressors
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Air dryers
If you are unsure what to order, contact us with:
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Your CNC model
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Desired spindle size
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Expected tool count
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Shop power availability
We can help you assemble a complete and correct order.
Who Should Buy an ATC?
ATC systems are best for users who:
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Run multi-tool jobs frequently
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Want automation and repeatability
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Are comfortable with compressed air systems
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Value efficiency over manual simplicity
If you primarily run single-tool jobs, a standard spindle system may be more appropriate.
Next Steps
If you’re ready to proceed:
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Confirm power and air setup
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Plan rack layout
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Review installation documentation
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Follow the ATC installation section step-by-step
Proper preparation makes ATC installation smooth and predictable.
