Whether you're installing a new spindle system or maintaining one already in use, these instructions will guide you through safe startup, daily operation, and maintenance of your PwnCNC air-cooled or water-cooled spindle β including compatibility with VFDs and ATC configurations.
This article applies to:
-
1.5kW & 2.2kW air-cooled and water-cooled spindles
-
ATC (automatic tool changer) spindle systems
-
Standard Delixi EM61 VFD-controlled setups
β Before You Begin: Safety & Power Prep
Electrical Warnings:
-
Spindles are powered by high-voltage 3-phase AC output from a VFD.
-
Never wire a spindle directly to AC wall power.
-
Always disconnect power before servicing or wiring your spindle or VFD.
Basic Requirements:
-
Use a properly rated VFD (Delixi EM61 or similar, 1.5kWβ2.2kW)
-
Connect to VFD using shielded spindle cable
-
VFD should be fused or breaker protected on the AC input side
π Initial Setup & Break-In
Before cutting anything, perform a spindle break-in procedure to distribute bearing grease and stabilize startup behavior.
π§ Follow the spindle break-in guide β
Break-in ensures:
-
Even lubrication distribution
-
Reduced bearing squeal
-
Extended spindle lifespan
π’ Basic Operation
1. Power On Sequence
-
Power on your VFD first
-
Wait 4-6 seconds for self-check
-
Send a spindle command via M3 (forward) or M4 (reverse) with an S-speed value (e.g.
M3 S12000) -
Spindle ramps up smoothly over 6β20Β seconds depending on VFD settings
2. Speed Control
-
RPM is controlled via:
-
Software command (Sxxxxx in G-code)
-
Manual potentiometer (via keypad)
-
PWM-to-analog voltage conversion from controller
-
π‘ Most PwnCNC setups use 0.10β10.00V analog input from a controller (Masso, GRBL, etc.)
π§ Guide to adjusting VFD analog input settings β
π Direction Control
-
M3 = Forward (normal rotation for cutting)
-
M4 = Reverse
-
M5 = Stop
Reversing direction is only used for specific operations (e.g., tapping or retracting ATC tools). Avoid changing direction while spindle is still spinning.
β οΈ Important Safety Reminders
-
Never start the spindle with a tool loosely seated
Always check the collet and nut tightness before powering on. -
Avoid sudden RPM changes under load
Ramp speeds slowly via VFD acceleration settings. -
Do not exceed rated RPM
Most of our spindles are rated for 24,000 RPM. Exceeding this risks bearing damage. -
Coolant (for water-cooled spindles)
Use clean distilled water + coolant or RV antifreeze mix. Never use tap water.
π§Ό Maintenance Schedule
| Task | Frequency |
|---|---|
| Check collet & nut tightness | Daily |
| Clean spindle exterior | Weekly |
| Check cable strain relief | Monthly |
| Flush & replace water coolant | Every 3β6 months |
| Listen for bearing noise or vibration | Ongoing |
π Downloads & Support Resources
Β
β οΈ Safety Notice:
Always disconnect power and air supply before servicing. Follow all safety precautions. PwnCNC products are intended for skilled users building or operating hobbyist to light industrial CNC systems.
π¬ Still Need Help?
If you're unsure about spindle performance, VFD tuning, or suspect an issue with your setup, contact our support team β. Weβll help you troubleshoot quickly and safely.
